Ming dynasty (1368-1644)                    Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)

Hongwu 1368-1398                                                                            Shunzhi 1644-1661

Jianwen 1399-1402                                                                             Kangxi 1662-1722

Yongle 1403-1424                                                                              Yongzheng 1723-1735

Hongxi 1425                                                                                       Qianlong 1736-1795

Xuande 1426-1435                                                                             Jiaqing 1796-1820

Zhengtong 1436-1449                                                                         Daoguang 1821-1850

Jingtai 1450-1456                                                                                Xianfeng 1851-1861

Tianshun 1457-1464                                                                           Tongzhi 1862-1874

Chenghua 1465-1487                                                                           Gungxu 1875-1908

Hongzhi 1488-1505                                                                             Xuantong 1909-1911

Zhengde 1506-1521

Jiajing 1522-1566

Longqing 1567-1572

Wanli 1573-1620

Taichang 1620

Tianqi 1621-1627

Chongzhen 1628-1644